RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive anti-smoking health program conducted over twelve years at a regional university hospital in southern Spain. Prevalence of tobacco was compared retrospectively using data collected during occupational health assessments (n = 4291). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate tobacco consumption differences according to age, sex, professional category, and workplace building. The results show a reduction in the active smoking rate among hospital staff evaluated (from 22.8% to 19.8%) with significant differences between non-health and health workers. Accumulated smoking consumption fell to 13.45 ± 14.60 packs/year with men presenting a higher consumption (p < 0.001). The predictive variables of tobacco use were sex (greater consumption among men, p = 0.021), number of cigarettes (greater consumption among professionals who smoked less than 1 pack/day, p < 0.001), and time smoking (greater use among professionals with more than 10 years smoking, p < 0.001). There was a higher rate of staff smokers at the hospital building with a majority of mental health inpatients. This study provides a practical example of making the optimum use of digital medical records in the evaluation of a comprehensive anti-smoking health program.
Asunto(s)
Personal de Hospital , Fumadores , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , España/epidemiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abuse of vulnerable older persons in the family and community environment in the following regions-Spain (Andalusia-Córdoba), Portugal (Azores), and Bolivia (Santa Cruz de la Sierra)-and to identify risk factors and delineate a profile of abused older persons. For this, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of people in the age group 65 years plus living in the catchment areas of health centers. The following were used as instruments to collect data: the medical record of the patients of relevant health centers, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), daily activities autonomy test, adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve (APGAR) familiar test, The Elder Abuse Suspicion Index (EASI) and the Social Work Evaluation Form. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with abuse. Suspected abuse was identified in 6.9% of the elderly who participated in the study in Spain, 39% in Bolivia, and 24.5% in Azores. In all areas, studied psychological abuse was the most common type of abuse. In conclusion, although the prevalence of abuse to older people in the family and community environment differs in the areas studied, it is present in all countries and the data are comparable with other developing and European countries. The profile of the abused older persons appears to be similar in all countries.
Asunto(s)
Abuso de Ancianos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bolivia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Portugal/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJETIVOS: Detectar si hay diferencias en prevalencia, distribución de factores de riesgo y riesgo cardiovascular según las funciones REGICOR y Score, entre poblaciones pertenecientes a diferentes clases sociales ocupacionales y población en riesgo de exclusión. DISEÑO: Descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento: Ayuntamiento de Córdoba. Unidad de salud laboral. PARTICIPANTES: Muestra disponible de 628 personas. El grupo de trabajadores municipales fue obtenido por aleatorización, mientras que se tomó la totalidad de las contratadas por riesgo de exclusión. Intervención: No se aplicaron acciones preventivas ni terapéuticas que modificaran el curso de la situación previa de los trabajadores. Mediciones principales: Tabaco, glucosa, lípidos, presión arterial e IMC como principales variables. Se emplearon la t de Student para comparar medias y Chi2 para porcentajes. La significación estadística fijada para error alfa fue <5% e IC 95%. Se realizaron curvas operador receptor (COR) para conocer qué variables explicativas predicen la pertenencia al grupo en riesgo de exclusión. RESULTADOS: Las variables tabaquismo (IC 95%: -0,043; -0,224), síndrome metabólico (IC 95%: -0,285; -0,069), hipercolesterolemia (IC 95%: -0,320; -0,127), obesidad (IC 95%: -0,214; -0,005) y diabetes (IC 95%: -0,176; -0,017) presentan mayor prevalencia en hombres en riesgo de exclusión, al igual que el riesgo cardiovascular a 10 años. En mujeres hubo diferencias en las mismas variables, salvo en tabaquismo (p = 0,053). CONCLUSIONES: Se comprueba una desigual prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en población en riesgo de exclusión. En un contexto de crisis social, los programas de prevención primaria dirigidos a la población más vulnerable son necesarios para mitigar la desigualdad
GOALS: Detect if there are differences in prevalence, distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and risk according to REGICOR and SCORE's function; between people belonging to different occupational classes and population at risk of social exclusion. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. Site: Occupational health unit of the City Hall of Córdoba. PARTICIPANTS: Sample availability of 628 people, excluding 59 by age or incomplete data. The group of municipal workers was obtained randomly while all contracted exclusion risk was taken. Intervention: No preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic actions that modify the course of the previous situation of workers were applied. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Smoke, glucose, lipids, blood pressure and BMI as main variables. T-student were used for comparison of means and percentages for Chi2. Statistical significance attached to an alpha error <5% and confidence interval with a 95% security. Receiver operator curves (ROC) were employed to find out what explanatory variables predict group membership of workers at risk of exclusion. RESULTS: Smoking (95% CI: -.224; -.443), hypercholesterolemia (95% CI: -.127; -.320), obesity (95% CI: -.005;-0.214), diabetes (95% CI: -.060;-.211) and cardiovascular risk were higher in men at risk of exclusion. In women there were differences in the same variables except smoking (P=.053). CONCLUSIONS: The existence of inequalities in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is checked. In a context of social crisis, health promotion and primary prevention programs directing to the most vulnerable, they are needed to mit
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Fumar/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Marginación Social , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
GOALS: Detect if there are differences in prevalence, distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and risk according to REGICOR and SCORE's function; between people belonging to different occupational classes and population at risk of social exclusion. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SITE: Occupational health unit of the City Hall of Córdoba. PARTICIPANTS: Sample availability of 628 people, excluding 59 by age or incomplete data. The group of municipal workers was obtained randomly while all contracted exclusion risk was taken. INTERVENTION: No preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic actions that modify the course of the previous situation of workers were applied. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Smoke, glucose, lipids, blood pressure and BMI as main variables. T-student were used for comparison of means and percentages for Chi2. Statistical significance attached to an alpha error <5% and confidence interval with a 95% security. Receiver operator curves (ROC) were employed to find out what explanatory variables predict group membership of workers at risk of exclusion. RESULTS: Smoking (95% CI: -.224;-.443), hypercholesterolemia (95% CI: -.127;-.320), obesity (95% CI: -.005;-0.214), diabetes (95% CI: -.060;-.211) and cardiovascular risk were higher in men at risk of exclusion. In women there were differences in the same variables except smoking (P=.053). CONCLUSIONS: The existence of inequalities in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is checked. In a context of social crisis, health promotion and primary prevention programs directing to the most vulnerable, they are needed to mit.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Clase Social , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
conocer la repercusión de la visita domiciliaria de los profesionales en enfermería a personas de 65 años o más, pluripatológicas, en morbimortalidad. estudio retrospectivo caso-control por auditoria de historias clínicas. Muestreo aleatorio. Variables principales morbilidad, mortalidad; descriptivas: visitas de la enfermera, filiación, datos clínicos y socio sanitarios. Análisis por medidas de tendencia central, dispersión, posición, tabulación, frecuencias relativas, absolutas; no paramétricas, contrastes χ2; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. se estudiaron a 1743 pacientes, de ellos 199 recibieron visita domiciliaria; la edad media de quien recibe visita es de 81,99 años; estos presentan mayor número de patologías de media 3,76; habitan en domicilio particular, si bien en conjunto presentan más institucionalización que los controles; el 50% no tiene identificado el Cuidador Principal; es mayor el número de visitas de las enfermeras a los pacientes que viven en residencias (p < 0,001). El 50% de casos no tiene plan de cuidados, con relación significativa (p < 0,001). No existen diferencias significativas en tiempo de vida entre los casos y los controles. la visita domiciliaria del profesional en enfermería no repercute en la morbimortalidad; visita a los pacientes cuando ya ha aparecido el problema de salud, no hay datos de prevención.
compreender o impacto da visita domiciliar dos profissionais de enfermagem a pessoas com 65 anos ou mais, com diversas doenças, em morbimortalidade. estudo retrospectivo, caso-controle, por levantamento de registros médicos. Amostragem aleatória. Como variáveis principais, morbidade e mortalidade; descritivo: visita do enfermeiro, filiação, dados clínicos e saúde social. Análise por medidas de tendência central, dispersão, posição, catalogação, frequências relativas e absolutas; não paramétricas, contraste χ2; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. foram incluídos no estudo 1743, destes, 199 receberam visitas domiciliares; a média de idade de quem recebeu a visita é 81,99 anos; estes apresentam maior número de doenças, com média de 3,76; vivem em casa, embora juntos tenham mais institucionalização que os controles; 50% não tem um cuidador principal; o maior o número de visitas de enfermeiros são aos pacientes que vivem em casa (p < 0,001); 50% não tem nenhum plano de saúde, com relação significativa (p < 0,001). Não existem diferenças significativas na vida entre casos e controles. a visita domiciliar do profissional de enfermagem não tem impacto na morbimortalidade; a visita ocorre quando os pacientes já têm problemas de saúde, sem dados de prevenção.
conocer la repercusión de la visita domiciliaria de los profesionales en enfermería a personas de 65 años o más, pluripatológicas, en morbimortalidad. estudio retrospectivo caso-control por auditoria de historias clínicas. Muestreo aleatorio. Variables principales morbilidad, mortalidad; descriptivas: visitas de la enfermera, filiación, datos clínicos y socio sanitarios. Análisis por medidas de tendencia central, dispersión, posición, tabulación, frecuencias relativas, absolutas; no paramétricas, contrastes χ2; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. se estudiaron a 1743 pacientes, de ellos 199 recibieron visita domiciliaria; la edad media de quien recibe visita es de 81,99 años; estos presentan mayor número de patologías de media 3,76; habitan en domicilio particular, si bien en conjunto presentan más institucionalización que los controles; el 50% no tiene identificado el Cuidador Principal; es mayor el número de visitas de las enfermeras a los pacientes que viven en residencias (p < 0,001). El 50% de casos no tiene plan de cuidados, con relación significativa (p < 0,001). No existen diferencias significativas en tiempo de vida entre los casos y los controles. la visita domiciliaria del profesional en enfermería no repercute en la morbimortalidad; visita a los pacientes cuando ya ha aparecido el problema de salud, no hay datos de prevención.
